The Adulthood Period ( Age 25-65 Years ) - 794 Words

Introduction The objective of this paper was to find out additional information about the adulthood period (age 25-65 years) that might not been mentioned in textbooks and lectures but nevertheless, still an important factor in developmental psychology. To find out how a contemporary adult thought about the changes from their earlier years resulting to where they are today biologically, psychologically, and sociologically, an interview was conducted. To understood the difference in development, an adult must be interviewed in order to compare the differences between an individual who is around his sixties versus someone who is around their twenties. Background of interviewee John, who is currently in his sixties, works as library assistance. He was chosen as an interviewee since I have often spotted him helping others and he also seemed to be an approachable, kind individual. I do not personally know John very well besides being acquainted, perhaps that is one of the reasons that his responds are not very detailed. Interview findings and analysis When asked what the most important historical event the interviewee went through, interviewee could not think of one. When asked how he would compare himself as of today verses in his young adulthood, his responds was that he has not changed very much. â€Å"What about your perspective view point? Did it change?† to which he replied, â€Å"Yes, very much different from my parent’s.† his values and views have differ from that of hisShow MoreRelatedAdult Body : The Span Of A Human Life Essay1642 Words   |  7 Pagesadolescence, adulthood, and old age. Some of those stages are subdivided on different segments; for example, during adulthood people go through Early Adulthood, Midlife, and Later Adulthood. All of them need the same basic nutrients, but each one has different challenges and possible deficiencies. Although the basic nutrients are the same; the amounts of nutrients needed differ based on different factors such as physical activity, body size, gender, illness, and medication use. Adulthood is a period of optimumRead MoreStages Of A Good Nutrition Helps Adults Enjoy An Active Lifestyle Essay1617 Words   |  7 Pagesadolescence, adulthood, and old age. Some of those stages are subdivided on different segments; for example during adulthood people go through Early Adulthood, Midlife, and Later Adulthood. All of them need the same basic nutrients, but each one has different challenges and possible deficiencies. Although the basic nutrients are the same; the amounts of nutrients needed differ based on different factors such as physical activity, body size, gender, illness, and medication use. Adulthood is a period of optimumRead MoreErickson888 Words   |  4 Pagesfor actionable wisdom to emerge as a viable solution at the last stage. The Erikson life-stage virtues, in order of the eight stages in which they may be acquired, are: 1.Basic trust vs. basic mistrust - This stage covers the period of infancy. 0-1 year of age. - Whether or not the baby develops basic trust or basic mistrust is not merely a matter of nurture. It is multi-faceted and has strong social components. It depends on the quality of the maternal relationship. The mother carries outRead MoreExperiment : Psychology And Psychology951 Words   |  4 Pagesfour-year universities in Washington will be randomly selected, one hundred students from each school. At least 15% of my sample size need to have a medically diagnosed history of emotional dysregulation, emotion impairment and or excessive adult attachment disorder. Participants will be recruited from the universities â€Å"Health and Mental Care† waiting room. Each participant will be compensated with a 5$ Amazon gift card. Participants Participants will be young adults enrolled in a 4-year universityRead MoreThe Relationship Between Childhood Deviance and Adult Deviance940 Words   |  4 Pagesand adult mental health problems. In this study the author is attempting to answer three main questions. 1. Does the prevalence of boys’ fighting in a clinical sample differ by informant or by age cohort? How high is the persistence of physical fighting over a 7-year period, and does it differ by age? What proportion of boys who fight stop fighting? 2. Does persistent physical fighting predict later conduct disorder and mental health problems, and are multiple informant ratings a better predictorRead MoreDiabetes Mellitus : Long Term Damage1144 Words   |  5 Pagesfailure of various organs (1). There are two main types of diabetes (2-6); Type 1 diabetes (T1B) usually develops in childhood and adolescence and patients require lifelong insulin injections for survival. Type 2 diabetes (T2B) usually develops in adulthood and is related to obesity, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diets. This is the more common type of diabetes (representing 90% of diabetic cases worldwide) and treatment may involve lifestyle changes and weight loss alone, or oral medicationsRead MorePersonal Statement : My Developmental Autobiography1063 Words   |  5 Pagesor not. Being an adolescent was hard, but through experience I learned who I truly want to be. As I grow into early and middle adulthood, I want to already have my social clock planned. Many different people have different views on what age things should be done (moving out of the house, marriage, children). The range for early adulthood is 25 and 45. During this period, most of my biggest events are going to happen within my life. I want to be able to graduate college with my degree and get a goodRead MoreDevelopment in Late Adulthood1779 Words   |  8 PagesLevinson depicts the late adulthood period as those years that encompass age 65 and beyond. Other developmental psychologists further divide later adulthood into young-old (ages 65–85) and old-old (ages 85 and beyond) stages. Today, 13 percent of the population is over the age of 65, compared with 3 percent at the beginning of this century. This dramatic increase in the demographics of older adulthood has given rise to the discipline of gerontology, or the study of old age and aging. GerontologistsRead MoreEssay on Late Adulthood1394 Words   |  6 PagesLate Adulthood Late adulthood is known as the period of life after middle adulthood, usually from around 65 years old to death (Santrock, 2013, p. 485). There are many varying stages of development and health in late adulthood, along with steady changing of life expectancy. Aging is a part of life, and with it comes changes in every area of living. Many diseases find late adulthood as an opportune time to affect people. Eventually, whether caused by disease or another reason, every individual diesRead MoreErikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development Report1750 Words   |  7 Pagesformulised by the German psychoanalyst Erik Erikson. His theory considers the impact of external factors, parents, and the society, on personality development from childhood to adulthood (Candida, 2010, p. 51). According to Erikson’s theory, every person must pass through a series of eight interconnected stages (split into general age ranges) over their entire life cycle. In this assignment, I will discuss these eight stages of development and how Erikson’s theory is similar to my own life. Furthermore

The Crime Of Organized Crime - 1649 Words

When I hear the term organized crime, I associate it with â€Å"The Mafia†, â€Å"Scarface†, and â€Å"Cartels†. Organized crime can be defined in a variety of ways. It is an ongoing criminal enterprise that is wisely working to generate profit engaging in illegal activities depending on demand, where its presence is preserve through force, intimidations, and corruption. According to the FBI, organized crime is basically a group of transnational, national, or local alliances of highly centralized enterprises run by crooks who make illicit profit or money through illegal and often violent activities (Abadinsky, 1981, p. 2). The Task Force on Organized crime states that, â€Å"the core of organized crime activity is the supplying of illegal goods and services-gambling, loan- sharking, narcotics and other forms of vice- to countless numbers of citizen customers† (Abadinsky, 1981, p. 267). However, the business of organized frequently consists of activities that are neither services nor goods, instead they are undoubtedly scrounging. The connection among illicit business and organized crime can take one of three following forms: first we have the parasitic form, where associates of a criminal organization extract money from illegal businesspersons by intimidating them with violence (Abadinsky, 1981, p. 267). The second from is reciprocal: members of a criminal organization require genuine or illegal entrepreneurs to pay a secure or percentage sum, then in return they deliver services like limitingShow MoreRelatedOrganized Crime1084 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Organized crime can be a number of different types of things. According to Lyman Potter, (2007), â€Å"The NCIS describes organized crime as having four salient attributes: An organized crime group contains at least three people; The criminal activity the group engages in is ongoing and indefinite in duration; The group is motivated by a desire for profit or power; and, The group commits serious criminal offenses†(p.15). The group we chose is the American Mafia families of New YorkRead Moreorganized crime2317 Words   |  10 PagesProvisions for Definitions of â€Å"Organized Crime† CARLO CAVALIERE 100817631 OCTOBER 1ST 2014 Defining organized crime has proven to be a general difficulty throughout history. The belief of this paper is that definition is crucial, however, at the same time one should identify that within the scope of organized crime, definition has been quite subjective and controversial. The reason why it is important is because the exact way in which organized crime is defined goes a significantRead MoreTransnational Organized Crime And Crime1995 Words   |  8 PagesTransnational Organized crime is crime that is coordinated across national borders, involving groups or networks of individuals working in more than one country to plan and execute illegal business ventures. In order to achieve their goals, these criminal groups utilize systematic violence and corruption. Crime that these groups commit range from human trafficking, smuggling of migrants, environmental crime, the counterfeiting of goods, arms trading, and drug trafficking. Because of the advancesRead MoreOrganized Crime Essa y1325 Words   |  6 PagesOrganized Crime Donald Creesey was a pioneer in the study of organized crime. He was also considered the first expert on the subject. However, his contributions to the field are now in question. In the next two articles a battle of words is waged between Joseph L. Albini, author of Donald Cresseys Contributions to the Study of Organized Crime An Evaluation, and Charles H. Rogovin along with Frederick T. Martens, authors of The Evil That Men Do, concerning CresseysRead MoreCrime Of Organized Crime And Criminal Structures1864 Words   |  8 PagesThe topic of this paper is gangsters in organized crime can either work alone or work with other gangsters. When people commit crimes with other criminals, their personal ties to each other become strong when there is especially trust or there could be no trust, however, those ties can become strong at some point. My paper will be about on the organized criminal structures that Frank Costello had. In the book, it has a lot of personal ties telling the reader who ties personally that Costello hadRead MoreCombating Organized Crime1018 Words   |  5 Pagesand discussion in regards to which method of approach would be best suited to target organized crime. Should law enforcement supplement traditional police enforcement with additional officers and prisons, or are new enforcement approaches required to combat organized crime? The shortfalls of traditional police enforcement will be discussed, as will the evaluation of new approaches for the regulation of organized crime. Topics of proactive measures, rather than reactive, will be addressed. SuggestedRead MoreControlling Organized Crime1363 Words   |  6 PagesControlling Organized Crime CJA384 Controlling Organized Crime Since the 1990’s, organized crime has become a problem among U.S. citizens. The Mafia was the earliest group to show its strengths of power and manipulation among citizens and business of New York City. From the time of the Mafia’s rise, other criminal organizations have surfaced using their power to corrupt personal within business for the gain of finance and political strength. In today society, one of the main question whenRead MoreWhite Collar Crime And Organized Crime1805 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction: This paper explores white collar crime and elaborates on the types of organized crimes through the analysis of case studies. Furthermore, I will also discuss the differences and similarities between professional crime and organized crime. White collar crime is the use of deceptive acts to solely benefit oneself, often leaving many victimized. Within this paper, I explain which theories best clarify why individuals partake in these criminal behaviors, and prevent ative methods. In additionRead MoreOrganized Crime Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pagesthat happens right in front of our noses and we never know it. Organized crime is the one thing that we don’t know about that happens right out in the open. That pizza joint you go to that’s been around for years, and then burns down when it starts to go under; or those people that look all innocent and then go and do something a little suspicious. Those are both small things that happen that involve organized crime. Organized crime is all around us and has a huge effect on how society runs andRead MoreThe Corruption Of Organized Crime1056 Words   |  5 PagesOrganized crime is any enterprise or group of persons engaged in a continuing illegal activity which has as its primary purpose the generation of profits. Criminal organizations keep their illegal dealings secret, and members communicate by word of mouth. Many organized crime operations have profitable legal businesses, such a s licensed gambling, building construction, or trash hauling which operate alongside and provide cover for the illegal businesses. Their main criminal activities are: racketeering;

Preventing Childhood Obesity as a Parent Free Essays

string(105) " does not just end when the child grows into an adult but can cause further health issues in the future\." In today’s society, childhood obesity is considered a serious public health issue and can be classified as an epidemic. In the United States alone, one in seven children ages 6-17 are considered to be obese. In the last 40 years in the United States the rate of childhood obesity has tripled. We will write a custom essay sample on Preventing Childhood Obesity as a Parent or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main reason why childhood obesity has become such a serious issue is because children now days live more sedentary lifestyles. Children now days are bombarded with television advertisements urging them to eat foods high in fat and calories while staying inside and playing video games or watching television. Childhood obesity does not only affect children in childhood but can cause a list of health issues in their adult lives also. When it comes to education regarding childhood obesity, the responsibility needs to be addressed by the parents, schools and the media. In the following paper, I am going to explain how childhood obesity can be controlled at home by the parents. Everything can be learned at home and applied to everyday life. I am going to give a brief overview of what the problems associated with childhood obesity are and what are the main contributing factors. I will show also show the long term effects of the issue and how it can also be addressed by the parents. Childhood obesity is costing the United States millions of dollars I health care expenses. In my opinion, I feel that this can be diverted by simple education from the parents. According to the article Facts about Childhood Obesity and Over-weightiness, obese children are statistically not active and consume diets that are high in fat. Most physicians use what they call a Body Mass Index Scale (BMI) to calculate how overweight a child is. Children who are over a 30 when it omes to BMI are considered obese. In order to calculate a person including a child’s BMI, you would have to divide their weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters (Mokdad,). When it comes to weight gain among children, you have to factor in many things such poor dietary habits, genetic makeup, family lifestyle, socioeconomic status and a child’s ethnicity. Obesity is more prevale nt among Hispanic, African-American and American Indian children, particularly girls (Mayohealth. org). When it comes to children who suffer from obesity most are not overeaters. The main cause of their weight gain is that the majority of the foods they consume contain high amounts of calories. When it comes to consuming excess calories, just an additional 200 calories a day can cause excess weight gain in children and add up to half a pound of fat a week. Although foods high in calories are partially to blame, soft drinks and fruit flavored beverages with high levels of sugar content also are a main cause of weight gain in children. In a recent study, it shows the average teenager in the United States today consumes an average of 65 gallons of sugary soft drinks annually. The number is doubled in elementary school age children and the number in general has tripled in the past two decades. When it comes to the issue of childhood obesity, diet is not the only factor contributing to the problem. Many physicians and child psychologist also blame the increase television viewing and a child’s more sedentary lifestyle. When it comes to watching television it does not require a large expenditure of energy and is usually accompanied by high-calorie foods. The American Heart Association reports that on average, a child watches a total of 17 hours of television a week. This report does not include the time spent playing both video and computer games. In one study performed by the American Heart Association, they found that a child who watches more than five hours of television a day have a greater risk of weight gain than children who watched less than two. (Mayohealth. org) Along with sedentary lifestyles, the addition of fast food can lead to obesity in children. As you drive in any town and city located in the United States, the one thing you will notice is that there is a fast food chain on almost every corner. Along with a fast food chain on every street corner, children watch television that are filled with commercial and advertisement showing their newest food selections. Many of these commercials have been geared toward children and can be associated with the rise of childhood obesity. In a recent study, researchers have found out that families that choose fast food as a meal three or more times a week do run a higher risk of obesity and larger BMI’s. When it comes to all fast food chains, the one thing they all have in common is that every kid’s meal comes with a choice of a boys or girls toy. The other thing they have in common is the absence of fresh fruits, vegetables and whole grain. The absence of these healthy choices can make the effects of the burgers and fries that much more severe. In order to solve the problem of fast food, parents can balance a burger with regular exercise. With this combination, you can balance fast food with healthy choices. In a 1996 U. S. Surgeon General’s Report regarding fitness, nearly half of young people ages 12 to 21 years of age are not psychically active. The American College of Sports Medicine reports that, due to financial constraints, only one-third of schools now offer physical education classes and many children today finds team sports too competitive or costly to join. (Mayohealth. org) Physical education and organized sports not only provide children with an active lifestyle, but it also teaches them discipline. Although it is important for schools to provide young children with sports and physical education, the main responsibility lies at home with the parents. The effects of childhood obesity does not just end when the child grows into an adult but can cause further health issues in the future. You read "Preventing Childhood Obesity as a Parent" in category "Papers" Childhood obesity has been linked to hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Being extremely overweight and not active as child causes the buildup of excess fat which circulates the blood and eventually turns into plaque. The plaque caused by this excess fat begins to slowly accumulate in arteries which causes a strain on the veins. The accumulation of this plaque can occur early in childhood and could lead to heart disease or a eart attack as an adult. The distribution of fat in the body has an important effect on one’s blood pressure. Hypertension is a chronic medical condition in which the systemic arterial blood pressure is elevated. Young overweight adults between the ages 20-45; are six times more likely to have hypertension then normal weight peers the same age. This number is increased if an adult grew up as an obese child. An accumulation of fat results in the release of fatty acids into veins which causes an excess of hepatic synthesis of triglycerides, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. The Journal of the American Medical Association Volume. #282) Along with heart disease, diabetes is another health issue associated with early childhood obesity. Obesity increases the risk of non-insulin dependent diabetes and causes two different forms of the disease. One form of diabetes is the increased demand for insulin the other form is the resistance of insulin in an obese individual. Obesity causes a resistance to insulin that increases the insulin production to compensate the excess of glucose circulating in the blood. This excess causes damage to beta cells in the pancreas, producing insulin. (The Journal of the American Medical Association Volume. #282) Along with physical and health issues, psychological issues are also associated with childhood obesity. In today’s society a lot of emphasis has been placed on physical appearance. This is made evident in the media which portrays what they consider the ideal image of a person. These images make overweight people feel unattractive and unwanted. Many people in today’s society assume that obese people are lazy, fat, gluttonous and unattractive. It is because of these prejudices that cause children to feel rejected, shame and depression. Like health issues, psychological issues can also be carried over from childhood to adulthood. When it came to the treatment of childhood obesity, many thought it could be achieved through strict dieting and exercise. This was found to be unsuccessful in most cases due to the fact children did not have the support in order to accomplish this goal. A new treatment involving a family-based approach is now being introduced as possible treatment for childhood obesity. These programs are more successful because they maintain or slowly help a child lose weight as he/she grows (Mellin). These programs focus on the entire family, promoting physical and emotional well being and not diet. In order to perform this type of treatment, medical professionals have to first do a bio-psychosocial assessment to see if there are any medical or psychosocial problems. (Mellin) Once this is established, they can then address the symptoms of obesity and the causes of the weight gain. When it comes to the issue of childhood obesity, it is important to involve the entire family in treating this problem. Children need motivation and support from their family prior to the involvement of dieting or exercise. With a strong support structure, it allows children to feel they can accomplish anything. In my opinion childhood obesity is a serious problem because it affects all areas of today’s society. Childhood obesity affects a person’s health, psychological well-being, the medical field and the family. I feel that in today’s society they many consider exercise, dieting and medication a quick fix in solving the problem. I feel that the problem of childhood obesity can be resolved at home with proper education and support. All health problems in children that can be prevented starts with the parents prior to the involvement of anyone else. As a parent of an overweight child, the first thing you must do is set attainable goals. The most important thing is you have to learn how to walk before you can run. The benefits of setting attainable goals are that when an overweight child accomplishes the goals you have set it provides them with the motivation to accomplish more. If you set the goal to high and the child does not accomplish them, it makes them discouraged and will make it harder for them to achieve more. I feel along with support and motivation, an overweight child needs proper education regarding proper diet. I feel that many parents today feed their children what they want because they feel it is making them happy. What parents have to understand is just because it makes them happy doesn’t mean it is good for them. When feeding children full meals, a healthy diet containing less than 30% fat calories is considered sufficient in raising healthy child. Moran) Parents should also only offer snacks when the child is hungry. The most important rule when offering a child a snack is to make the snack healthy. Parents should offer their children fresh fruit, raw vegetables and water rather than sugary soft drinks. I feel that now days many parents use food as a reward rather than for nutritional purposes. In my opinion children should be pra ised verbally and not given snacks like dogs when they do something well. Verbal praise I feel works well especially when a child makes a healthy choice options. Another way a parent could help children maintain a healthy body weight is to encourage the child to participate in sports for at least a half an hour a day (Levine). Parents should encourage children to be active and go outside to play. Parents should also participate and encourage their children to play organized sports. When parents are involved in their child’s active lifestyle, children tend to see it all the way through. Parents should also limit children watching television and playing video games. Television and video should be used as a reward rather than a parenting tool. When it comes to childhood obesity and many other childhood diseases, parents now days are more anxious to throw medication at it or go for the quick fix. In my opinion, before a child can even talk they learn from everything you teach them as a parent. The issue of childhood obesity is never going to go away but it can be curved with a simple lifestyle change. All the learning starts at home and all habits whether good or bad starts at home too. When it comes to the issue of childhood obesity, parents have to learn that they are the key to their child living a healthy lifestyle and growing into healthy adults. How to cite Preventing Childhood Obesity as a Parent, Papers

History of the Automobile Essay Example For Students

History of the Automobile Essay History of theAutomobileAutomobiles are one of the most importantand prominent inventions possibly ever created. Without automobilesour lives would be completely changed and different. Automobileschanged the way people traveled and lived. Without cars there wouldbe no drive-ins, drive-thru fast food restaurants, and shopping centers. People depend on their cars whether theyre earning their living, or travelingto their dream vacation spot. The United States is the leading producerof automobiles and is often called the Nation On Wheels. The U.Shas become very dependent on cars for transportation. Racing automobilesis also a very popular sport which attracts millions of enthusiasts nation-wide. Whether its a local race track, or a huge Nascar track, people love racingand the thrill, and also the danger. The history of automobiles is a long, andlaborious one. From the first self propelled road vehicle createdin the 1790s, to the modern road machine of today, it hasnt been an easyroad to follow (no pun intended) for the automobile. Many peoplemocked the car, and you used to hear the phrase Get a horse a lot backwhen cars were first mass produced. Even with these vicissitudes,the automobile has overcome these hardships to become one of the most requiredinventions ever assembled. The steam car was the first road vehiclethat could travel by themselves, even though they had a top speed of awhopping 3 miles per hour, and had to stop every 10 to 15 minutes to buildup steam. The first vehicle that could carry passengers was produceduntil 1801. These steam carriages annoyed people very much by beingnoisy, dirty, and by frightening horses. Many american inventorstampered with steam automobiles such as J.N Carhart, Richard Dudgeon, andSylvester H. Roper, but the most sucessful were the Stanley twins, FrancisE. and Freelan O. The electric car was actually popular inAmerica in the late 1890s and early 1900s. One of Americas pioneer electriccars was built in about 1890 by William Morrison in Des Moines Iowa. People liked the electric car because it was easy to operate, ran quietly,and didnt excrete putrid fumes. But of course there were drawbackslike you couldnt go over 20 miles per hour and the battery had to be rechargedconstantly. For these reasons the electric car was replaced by thegasoline engine. The general design of modern automobileswas developed in France. Emile Levassor and Rene Panhard built theirfirst cars in 1890 using a Daimler engine. These cars used chainslike those found in bicycles to carry the engines power to the back wheels. Many American inventors experimented with gasoline powered vehicles inthe early 1890s. Many claimed that they were the first to designand build sucessfully a automobile. Most pioneers of the automobile laterbecame famous in the industry. The creation of the first auto assemblyline was caused by a fire that destroyed the Olds Motor Works in Detroit. This caused Olds to sign contracts with the owners of small machine shopsto manufacture many parts for his cars. With this method, the companybuilt 425 cars in 1901, 3750 in 1902, and 500 in 1903. Most car companiesfollowed the Olds company by using mass production. Henry M. Leland,president of the Cadillac Automobile Company developed the concept of usinginterchangeable parts. This was a big step because the interchangeableparts could be used to assemble or repair any car of the same model. Henry Fords goal was a low-priced carthat many people in all walks of life could afford. The outcome ofhis goal: The Model T. It sold for $850, but Ford installed a movingassembly line in his factory and they could then produce a car in a hourand a half which then caused the car to be sold for $400, the lowest priceof any automobile. Over 15 million were sold. .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 , .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 .postImageUrl , .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 , .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65:hover , .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65:visited , .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65:active { border:0!important; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65:active , .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65 .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub987956f22317489648629cf837e0d65:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Scarlet Letter Argumentative EssayDuring the 1920s it was a race betweenFord and GM. They were the leading producers of cars at that time. By 1937, GM was producing about 35% of the worlds automobiles. Designchanged a lot during 1920s. Body lines became more graceful andthe closed car became popular. Engines became more powerful and quieterand many other improvements came during this period. DuringWorld War 2 production of cars for civilians almost halted because thefactories were being used for military supplies. After WW2, moreimprovements were made and foreign cars became more popular. Today41 millions vehicles are produced every year in which one third come fromthe U.S Gasoline shortages and wrecks are a few of the problems ofthe industry today. Even with all the problems the auto industry went through,the good part is that it did make it through.

You Got Served Soundtrack free essay sample

The highly acclaimed boy band B2K has another hit. â€Å"B2K Presents You Got Served† is the soundtrack to the movie â€Å"You Got Served,† a movie based on the lives of four discouraged teen boys who love to dance. Like the movie, this album has a lot of tunes that will quickly have you dancing. What I really love about it is that it has RB, hip hop, pop and a number of other genres. Your typical B2K album only offers RB, but here you get a little extra. It also features Lil’ Kim, ATL, O’Ryan, Marques Houston and Jhene. This album is the best in my B2K collection. There are many highlights: the up-beat â€Å"Take it to the Floor† is an excellent song that has me dancing every time I play it; female rapper Lil’ Kim joins B2K on â€Å"Do That Thing,† a blazing hot song that is my favorite. We will write a custom essay sample on You Got Served Soundtrack or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The best song on the album is â€Å"The One† by ATL, a catchy ballad that really makes you feel good. Overall, â€Å"B2K Presents You Got Served† is an excellent album. It is not traditional B2K, which makes it even better. This is clearly their best offering to date and is definitely worth buying, especially if you are a true B2K fan!

Street Violence essays

Street Violence essays The causes of street violence, what can be said about this reoccurring problem that is affecting the lives of Americans everyday. Gangs and organized crime figures contribute to this on going problem. Street violence is no longer a problem that goes on in just ghetto areas. In the last few years those involved come from white middle class neighborhoods. It has affected mainstream culture. The word gang or dope dealer is no longer associated with just blacks or ethnic groups. In the last five years there have been cases where gang related white males from middle class families commit violent crimes. If street violence becomes a mainstream problem there is going to be a drastic impact on society when it comes into play in middle class communities. What is interesting about street violence is, why do people take such dramatic risk for such little reward. Is the thrill of getting caught or do these people need serious help. Well in some cases the lack of education has an impact, maybe never knowing the difference between right and wrong could be the answer. If a person knows in their mind that he or she is not going to amount to anything, this might be a reason to take high risks. Drugs play a major role in violent activities, if a person is a hardcore user they will do what ever it takes to get there so called fix. Street violence must be addressed some how; the public and law enforcement must work together to correct the problem before it starts. Underlying feelings can lead to violence, such as hate, rage, shame, guilt, and trying to prove something in a negative way. Drugs and alcohol can trigger violent outbursts in someone who is already harboring feelings of rage, or who is mentally unstable. If the person is a drug user this will just intense the violent personality. Once the person becomes addicted to hardcore drugs like cocaine or meth some users start to steal to support their addiction. Drug market...

Nortel Networks Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nortel Networks - Essay Example When a customer initiates an order, it goes to one of twenty Logistics Operating Centers (LOCs) worldwide, which then determines the best combination of services that could be exchanged among the customer-centered rings. It is the LOC that is in-charge of the order that looks for the Nortel Network partners, key parts sources, and assemblers that are part of that ring around the customer and that would best meet the customer's order at the lowest cost and in the fastest possible time. This LLSS-based system differs from Nortel's old supply chain structure, which was built around an orderly sequence of activities that happened one after another. This traditional supply chain needed long lead times and higher costs. With the new global logistics system, designed around a networked framework, activities happen continually at the same time. What does this mean Rather than wait for the completion of a prior activity, say the assembly of sub-components before deliveries are made, Nortel's worldwide network of partners and suppliers are constantly on the move taking care of order fulfillment from several customers. An OEM for example can be doing production and assembly work for several clients at a time, each one with different or similar requirements, and managing various parts of the supply chain according to standards established by Nortel. In other words, by outsourcing the "lower value-added" activities like assembly to third party providers, Nortel can focus instead on the high value-added activities like the management of the global supply chain or research and development to improve existing products or come up with new ones based on more advanced technologies. This is only one among the many advantages that Nortel derives from its global logistics system. What are the others We have already discussed the customer-centered focus of the whole organization. By placing the customer at the center of the logistics network, Nortel can work at the important but very tough and challenging task of ensuring that everyone maintains that customer focus. Customers then feel special, being the center of attention of the whole global organization, knowing that its orders could be met no matter how tough its specifications and deadlines would be. Of course, it is hard work for Nortel to do the work of integrating all of its alliance partners all over the globe, but that is part of the design of the system. We can also see how the system ensures speed of delivery to meet tight customer deadlines, because the arrangement gives Nortel and its partners the flexibility it needs to get the work done on time. Instead of managing the whole supply chain, which requires coordinating several factors at the same time, Nortel's system delegates the management of portions of that supply chain by outsourcing. Rather than sweat on the large stuff, it seems that Nortel and its partners would rather sweat on the parts of that large stuff that they can manage well, and to concentrate on the "large stuff" of coordinating 20 manageable LOCs. This allows Nortel to keep its costs down, which it does in a very specific way. By keeping the suppliers of key parts in the supply chain conveniently located close to

Tsunami Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tsunami - Research Paper Example When it reaches shore waters, they rise to form masses of moving water known as â€Å"run-up†. This phenomenon is very many feet high and its variation depends on the strength of striking waves (NOAA, 2009). Normal run-up height is about 30 meters high although there are some extra high run-ups such as that witnessed in Alaska in 1958 which went up to 60 meters high. Run-up rush onto the sea shore and strikes the coastal areas with an intensive, destructive force. Huge earthquakes are able to send tsunami waves across oceans. For instance, recent earthquakes in both Japan and Chile send tsunami waves which struck Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, California, and Washington causing enormous losses of life and property. Water masses subjected to tsunami waves can take hours to regain stability hence tsunami effects can experienced repeatedly. Tsunami waves occur in phases called first, second and even the third waves. First waves are always less destructive but the second and third may have catastrophic effect depending on the magnitude of causing forces and the position of origin (NOAA, 2009). Tsunamis have very long waves and crest to crest distance may be anywhere between 10 and 2500 kilometers. It travels through the sea at a speed more than 700 km/h. A series of waves travel and arrive at the sea shore at an interval of few minutes. In most cases, tsunami waves are not noticeable like normal sea waves and tides but it possess large amount of energy than other waves. Due to its influence to entire water column, depth of water determines its force (Nelson, 2012). The long wavelengths make the first sign of tsunami waves at the sea shores to be a drawback. Tsunami is caused by submarine earthquake, landslide, volcanic eruption or meteorites (CA, 2009). These causes have common characteristics because they occur suddenly and violently which make them to displace large amounts of water.

Organizational Diagnosis of Palm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organizational Diagnosis of Palm - Essay Example The name 7S describes the seven elements of an approach to organizational design and review all starting with the letter S: strategy, structure, systems, staff, skills, style and shared values (Daniell, 2004). The strengths of the 7S model rest upon the variables included in it, which are generally deemed important for any organization; and that the inter-relationship between the elements is considered in the model. However, its weakness lies in the absence of an external environment and variables relating to performance (Burke & Litwin, 2009). It should not, therefore, come as a surprise that the 7s model has been singled out as the culprit in many unsuccessful bids at strategizing in the higher level (Daniell, 2004). Congruence Model The Congruence Model was formulated by Nadler and Tushman in 1977 based on their assumption that an organization is as open system. As such, an organization is affected by its environment in the same way, although not in the same extent that the organi zation molds its environment. As explained by Nadler and Tushman, it is not enough that inputs, outputs and components are listed and described. The Congruence Model depicts the organization as a dynamic entity and uses the term fit to measure the equivalence between two pairs of inputs, particularly between the elements of the transformation process (Burke, 2011). The main issues against the congruence model include: the equal weight given to each of the organizational dimension, which does not approximate the reality that in different organizations, one or more of the dimensions are ‘weightier’ than the others; and the fact that no recommendations were given to aid in determining whether or not congruence is in place. Burke-Litwin Model The Burke-Litwin Model operates on the belief that organizational change is brought about primarily by environmental factors. Various organizational factors are viewed as a collection of interdependent components which all operate on a common environment. The interdependencies present in the organization such as mission, strategies, leadership, and culture help effect organizational transformation and drive improvements in individual and organizational performance (Noolan, 2006). Six-Box Model Weisbord called his framework the six-box model to represent the six interacting variables, namely: purpose, structure, relationships, rewards, helpful mechanisms and leadership. Preziosi (1972) added a seventh box into the six-box organisational model when he prepared the diagnostic questionnaire to provide inputs on readiness for change among the members of organisation. The six-box model offers a method of examining the structure of an organisation and how the organisation functions in order to determine how a planned change effort can happen within such organisation (Shapiro, 2011). Ironically, Burke (2011) maintained that the strength of the six-box model also contributed to its weakness. Particularly, Burke (2011) not ed that the simplicity offered by the six boxes in understanding organizations suffers from the pitfall of complications arising from the six boxes under-representing the other variables involved in the diagnosis of an organization. However, its other strenghts are significant: the prominent position of leadership stresses its coordinating function, and its usefulness for fast and simple diagnostic

Methods for Short and Long Term Memory Formation

Methods for Short and Long Term Memory Formation The purpose of the experiment was to determine which Learning Method was the most effective for short- and long-term memory formation. Method efficacy was tested via a Short-Term Memory (STM), and Long-Term Memory (LTM), glyph recall test. There were four groups, each using a different Learning Method which varied in two factors: written repetition (10X/none) and movie viewing (before/after STM test). The Learning Method was used to introduce the symbols, and there was a short maths test before the STM test. Symbol recall was assessed again in the LTM test, three weeks later. As the LTM test was taken after the STM test, all students had watched the movies. Analysis suggested that Learning Method 1 produced higher scores; students who wrote the symbol 10X and viewed the movie prior to taking the STM test had significantly greater glyph recall compared to those who used the other methods (p While Learning Method 1 appeared to be the most effective, it is possible that the results were affected by experimental design flaws; notably, the non-standardised test conditions. The degree of symbol retention demonstrated on the LTM test may be related to memory consolidation, which is aided by hippocampal ripple oscillations. The Learning Methods for each group were as follows (for the method code definitions and full method, see the Appendix): Group 1 (Learning Method 1): WB-1X_MB_10X Group 2 (Learning Method 2): WB-1X_MA_10X Group 3 (Learning Method 3): WB-1X_MB Group 4 (Learning Method 4): WB-1X_MA The independent variable is the Learning Method and the dependent variable is the number of symbols recalled correctly on the memory tests (STM and LTM). Method 1 was the most involved (writing 10X, and watching the movie beforehand). The alternative hypotheses are: Ha: if Short-Term glyph recall is related to the Learning Method (Method 1, 2, 3, 4), then students in Group 1, who used Method 1 (WB-1X_MB_10X), will recall a greater number of symbols correctly on a Short-Term Memory test. Ha: if Long-Term glyph recall is related to the Learning Method used for the Short-Term Memory test (Method 1, 2, 3, 4), then students in Group 1, who used Method 1, will recall a greater number of symbols correctly on a Long-Term Memory test. For the STM data, Levene’s test established that there was an effect of variance (p p p p p = 0.8790) and those in Groups 3 and 4 (p = 0.9260). For the LTM data, Levene’s test established that there was no effect of variance (p > 0.05). As the variance is not significant, a One-way ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc test can be used to test the hypothesis. The One-way ANOVA established that LTM test scores differed as a function of Learning Method used [F(3, 124) = 66.0280, p p p = 0.6160). The results support the alternative hypotheses that if glyph recall is related to the Learning Method used, then students in Group 1 (who used Method 1) will recall a greater number of symbols correctly on both a STM and LTM test. As the test scores for students who used Method 1 were significantly higher in both the STM and LTM tests, at a significance level of 0.05, the alternative hypothesis is favoured. By adopting the alternative hypotheses there is a possibility of Type 1 error in both cases. The hippocampus contributes critically to memory formation, organisation, and storage Memory consolidation, a process that transforms newly acquired information into long-term memory, also depends on the hippocampus. Through consolidation, labile newly formed memory traces are progressively strengthened into long-term memories and become more resistant to interference. However, it is suggested that they remain susceptible to updating and modification The hippocampus generates high-frequency ripple oscillations in local-field potentials (LFPs), observed most prominently in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal layer Ripples participate in strengthening and reorganising memory traces, possibly by mediating information transfer to neocortical areas Memory traces are represented by assemblies of principal neurons that are activated during ripple-associated network states There is evidence suggesting that memory consolidation is enhanced during sleep and resting (â€Å"off-line†) states Sleep is a state which optimises the consolidation of newly acquired information in memory, depending on the specific conditions of learning and the timing of sleep It induces long-lasting cellular and network modifications responsible for memory stabilisation A proposed neural mechanism for sleep-dependent memory consolidation, is reactivation of awake experience (neuronal replay) in the hippocampus which is associated with sharp wave-ripple (SPW-R) events that occur primarily during off-line states SPW-Rs are â€Å"aperiodic, recurrent instances of large deflections (sharp waves) in the hippocampal LFP†, and they are associated with synchronous fast-field oscillations (ripples) During SPW-R events, hippocampal cell firing closely follows the pattern that took place during the initial experience Theta (4-8 Hz) oscillations and ripples (~200 Hz) occurring during sharp waves may mediate encoding and consolidation, respectively. Pyramidal neurons replay previous waking activity in a temporally compressed manner, thus reactivated firing patterns occur within shorter time windows propitious for synaptic plasticity within the hippocampal network and in downstream neocortical structures. Slow-wave sleep (SWS) supports system consolidation and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep supports synaptic consolidation through specific patterns of neuromodulatory activity and electric field potential oscillations. During SWS, there is a diminution in cholinergic activity and the ripples stimulate the redistribution and transfer of hippocampus-dependent memories to the neocortex The thalamocortical spindles generated by the thalamus arrive at the neocortex at the same time as the hippocampal memory information, due to the slow oscillations which facilitate the transfer, and this synchronisation is thought to be vital to the long-term storage of memories within neocortical networks During REM sleep, at high cholinergic and theta activity, local increases in plasticity-related immediate-early gene activity may promote synaptic consolidation of memories in the cortex Incoming signals move through the hippocampus via a ‘trisynaptic loop’ consisting of synapses between principal cells in the dentate gyrus (DG), CA3 and CA1 Hofer et al investigated the cellular and network properties of SPW-Rs with simultaneous laminar multielectrode and intracellular recordings in a rat hippocampal slice model. Spontaneous SPW-Rs were generated in the DG, CA3, and CA1 regions During the memory encoding phase, the hippocampus binds neocortical representations to local memory traces. Then, during the off-line periods, the traces are concurrently reactivated in the hippocampus and cortex to potentiate the corticocortical connections underlying stored representations Studies show that disruption of ripples during post-learning SWS impairs memory consolidation and learning In an experiment conducted by Ego-Stengel and Wilson rats were trained daily in two identical tasks, each followed by a one hour rest period. Following one of the tasks, neuronal activity associated with ripple events was disrupted, without changing the sleep-wake structure, via selective stimulation of hippocampal afferents. It was found that the rats learned the control task significantly faster than the task followed by the stimulation, which suggests that interfering with hippocampal processing during sleep led to decreased learning Similarly, Nokia et al. found that disrupting hippocampal ripples using electrical stimulation either during training in awake animals, or during sleep after training, had a negative impact on learning A study by Wang et al indicated that the median raphe region (MnR) is important for regulating hippocampal ripple activity and memory consolidation. A fear conditioning procedure was used to determine this relationship, via interruption of ripple activity. Simultaneous in vivo recording in the MnR and hippocampus of mice showed that, when a group of MnR neurons was active, ripples were absent; ripple activity was related to the activity of MnR neurons. Additionally, MnR may regulate memory consolidation via its projections to thalamocortical regions, which facilitate interactions between the hippocampus, thalamus and cortical regions during SWS. Under the assumption that there was little deliberate reactivation of memory traces for the symbols in the three weeks following the STM test, the degree of retention of the symbols on the LTM test may be related to memory consolidation via hippocampal ripples occurring during sleep and rest. There were a number of limitations which may have affected the validity of the results. The major limitation was the non-standardised test conditions. Since different groups took the test at different times of the day, and different individuals have performance peaks at different clock times randomisation of subjects is important. This also leads to the possibility that students in an earlier group may have informed others of the symbols or experimental procedures. Knowledge of the tests could have influenced the students’ concentration, with those who knew being more likely to apply themselves to the Learning Method. While all students would be likely to undergo some degree of memory consolidation following the STM test, those who were aware of the experimental design would likely have greater retention. If all students took the test at the same time under standardised conditions, it would be less likely for this issue to affect the results. Additionally, the small sample size, and the fact that the participants were all students of one course (Neuroscience), also means that the external validity of the experiment, and thus the generalisability to groups other than the experimental group, cannot be established. There was also only one group per Learning Method, so it is unknown if the results are repeatable.

Presidential Election :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 2004, the election has been the â€Å"biggest† news of the year. In 2000, the presidential election was marred by turmoil and scandal over the Florida punch card votes and alleged racial discrimination acts against minorities at the polls. The article, â€Å"Poll: U.S. Voters Skeptical of Elections† revisits the horror of the 2000 election and examines the current position of voters, Republicans, and Democrats on the accuracy of our (the U.S.) voting methods. The article states that six out of every ten Republicans and persons surveyed believed that no clear winner will be determined by November 3, 2004 and seven out of every ten Democrats feel the same. In addition, one-half of the voters feared the results would be challenged in the Supreme Court. Both political parties, Democrats and Republicans, have filed lawsuits over a variety of complaints--ranging from how provisional ballots are counted to alleged fraud in voter registration. The articl e states that a majority say that they are confident the vote count in their own state will be accurate, but when Democrats, as a group are asked less than one-half of them say that they are â€Å"very confident† their state’s vote count will be accurate, while three-fourths of Republicans feel that their state’s vote count will be accurate. The article says that during the closing days of the campaign, close tabs are being kept on Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Iowa, and New Mexico, which are all potential battleground states where a challenge to a close race might be lodged November 3, 2004. When reviewing the 2000 election and the Florida catastrophe more than one-half, 54 percent to be exact, thought that the vote count was unfair and inaccurate. The Democrats overwhelmingly say that the vote count was unfair and inaccurate while Republicans overwhelmingly say that the vote count was fair and accurate. Independents say by a 2-to-1 margin that it was not fair. The conclusion drawn by the article is that political and legal challenges far outweigh any other worries intended to disrupt the elections. For millions of Americans every vote no longer counts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In political debates and elections the application of schemas, mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects and that influence the information people notice, think about, and remember, are very important in getting support, votes, and earning the trust of millions of Americans in Democracy and our processes. Presidential Election :: essays research papers   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 2004, the election has been the â€Å"biggest† news of the year. In 2000, the presidential election was marred by turmoil and scandal over the Florida punch card votes and alleged racial discrimination acts against minorities at the polls. The article, â€Å"Poll: U.S. Voters Skeptical of Elections† revisits the horror of the 2000 election and examines the current position of voters, Republicans, and Democrats on the accuracy of our (the U.S.) voting methods. The article states that six out of every ten Republicans and persons surveyed believed that no clear winner will be determined by November 3, 2004 and seven out of every ten Democrats feel the same. In addition, one-half of the voters feared the results would be challenged in the Supreme Court. Both political parties, Democrats and Republicans, have filed lawsuits over a variety of complaints--ranging from how provisional ballots are counted to alleged fraud in voter registration. The articl e states that a majority say that they are confident the vote count in their own state will be accurate, but when Democrats, as a group are asked less than one-half of them say that they are â€Å"very confident† their state’s vote count will be accurate, while three-fourths of Republicans feel that their state’s vote count will be accurate. The article says that during the closing days of the campaign, close tabs are being kept on Florida, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Iowa, and New Mexico, which are all potential battleground states where a challenge to a close race might be lodged November 3, 2004. When reviewing the 2000 election and the Florida catastrophe more than one-half, 54 percent to be exact, thought that the vote count was unfair and inaccurate. The Democrats overwhelmingly say that the vote count was unfair and inaccurate while Republicans overwhelmingly say that the vote count was fair and accurate. Independents say by a 2-to-1 margin that it was not fair. The conclusion drawn by the article is that political and legal challenges far outweigh any other worries intended to disrupt the elections. For millions of Americans every vote no longer counts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In political debates and elections the application of schemas, mental structures people use to organize their knowledge about the social world around themes or subjects and that influence the information people notice, think about, and remember, are very important in getting support, votes, and earning the trust of millions of Americans in Democracy and our processes.

John Rawls’s A Theory of Justice

In his influential book A Theory of Justice, John Rawls structured his concept of society around two principles of justice that he argues were best chosen under a â€Å"veil of ignorance† (1971).Rawls maintains â€Å"that the first requires equality in the assignment of basic rights and duties, while the second holds that social and economic inequalities are just only if they result in compensating benefits for everyone, and in particular for the least advantaged members of society† (1971). His argument for the second, while not purely and purposefully classifying society as equitable and impartial, supports the idea that contribution should be proportionate to one’s ability or capability.There are a multitude of ways to interpret Rawls’s second take on the concept of justice, some agreeable and some not. He argues that in order for others to prosper, some should have less (Rawls, 1971).He also asserts the idea that in looking at the bigger picture, everyo ne in the society achieves benefits by catering to what seems like a monopoly of wealth, power and therefore, opportunity. Rawls’s justice supports the socialist idea that majority of society’s responsibilities and burdens should be carried by those who can—those who are wealthy, have power, and therefore, are more capable of managing the said responsibilities.While these may be good points to support his ideas, Rawls’s theory fails by theoretically preventing change in societies where these so-called social inequalities already exist—societies where those high up already enjoy the benefits of good living standards, while those in the lower brackets either continue or further suffer in their disadvantages. It is also faulty in the sense that the poor essentially â€Å"pick up the scraps† that the rich had left.Rawls idea that inequality can actually be just and fair leaves much to be desired. It should have been more egalitarian in the sense that both the rich and the poor would have equitable access to wealth and power. It would be difficult to guarantee justice in a society that separates those who can afford justice from those who can afford justice more.ReferencesRawls, J. (1971). A Theory of Justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Creating a Viable Healthcare Policy

Creating a Viable Healthcare Policy Free Online Research Papers An effective health care system provides quality health care needs of a country’s population. Various countries have devised a variety of health-care systems that suit the target population that a country is aiming at. According to the World Health Organization, the goals of a health care system should be to promote good health, fair financial contributions and responsible policies (W.H.O, 2000). Even though financial constraints exist, a good health care system should meet the health care needs of a population because it promotes good health and improves people’s living standards. The issue of financing a health care system is the most difficult in ensuring that a population enjoys the benefits of an effective health care system. According to Shannon (2004), a government has a variety of choices to choose from in determining how to fund the system. Shannon points out that the government can directly fund the system from the taxes it collects, through insurance, donations or through voluntary contributions of the population. He also argues that whichever method a government chooses, it should be fair to the population (Shannon, 2004) The right to health care for the population has elicited heated debates. Some have argued from the perspective that health care is only a fundamental right if you one can afford it. Others have tried to link the formulation of health care policies being directly dependent on the available resources (Weisstub and Pinto’s, 2007). Many governments including the USA have been reluctant to formulate clear-cut health care policies, the reasoning being that a comprehensive health care policy for the entire population depends on the scarce resources of the country. By this, it means that some governments do not see health care as a matter of priority. Although some countries do not view a comprehensive health care policy for the population as vital, some have taken the initiative and made health care successful. One such country is France. According to a report carried out in 2000 by the World Health Organization, France emerged as one of the country that has the best health care system in the world. France has geared most of its efforts to providing effective health care policies for its population. Some of the stringent measures that the government of France has incorporated in its policies include insurance coverage to its entire population, high quality health care providers and giving patients freedom to choose the best alternatives for themselves (W.H.O, 2000). Although there may be financial constraints, countries should strive to give their population comprehensive health-care plans. Health care is a right to every human being and governments should strive to ensure that the population enjoys the benefits of an effective and fair health care system. The private sector should also be involved in helping the government and other stakeholders in realizing the goals of a comprehensive health care system for the entire population. The public also has a task in ensuring the success of a health care system. One of the ways the public can benefit is by getting involved with the government and various health care agencies to air their opinions about how the government can provide for them an effective health care system. References: Shannon, T.A. (2004). Health care policy: a reader. New York: Rowman Littlefield â€Å"The world health report 2000- Health systems: improving performance†. World Health Organization. Retrieved on September 14, 2010. From who.int/whr/2000/en/ Weisstub, D. N., Pintos, G. D. (2007).Autonomy and Human Rights in Health Care: An International Perspective. Dordrecht: Springer Research Papers on Creating a Viable Healthcare PolicyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaTwilight of the UAWQuebec and Canada19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Genetic EngineeringDefinition of Export Quotas

Pyramids essays

Pyramids essays How were the pyramids were built, what purpose do they serve, the three pyramids at Giza, some messages found on the stones that were used to build pyramids, and what a mastabas is. Pyramids are tombs built for Egypt's pharaohs. Pyramids are large structures with four sides that are the shape of a triangle, that meet at the top to form a point. The ancient Egyptians used the pyramids as tombs for the pharaohs and temples for their gods. The pyramids have one or two little temples attached to them, which holds their relatives and servants. A few pyramids still stand today, and are great attractions for tourists. The pyramids were built by taking blocks of granite to the workshop, measuring the blocks down to size, shaping the blocks, and placing the blocks into the body of the pyramid. The core of the structure is now completed. Then, you place the limestone blocks on the top of the structure (they started putting the blocks on top and then worked their way down). They left two empty rooms to place the pharaoh and his belongings in. They sealed the pyramids so well, it took four hundred years for two robbers to figure out how to get in. Free citizens, drafted for public work, not by slaves of any sort, built the pyramids. Four thousand expert stone sculptors built the pyramids all year round. An extra work group of about ninety-five thousand men worked on the pyramids during the four-month period of the inundation (the time of enforced idleness for farmers, since the field were covered with the Nile water flood). The pyramids were built between the year 1600 B.C. and the year 2700. Many scholars believe that the reason why the pyramids were built in a triangular form is because it has a religious meaning to the Egyptians. The slanting side might have reminded the Egyptians of the slanting rays of the sun, that the pharaoh's soul could climb to the sky and join the gods. In the pyramids they buried the pharaoh's body. There was a ...

Peer Reviewed Article on ERP Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Peer Reviewed Article on ERP - Essay Example Even though the system was capable, it was prone to manual manipulation and corruption from workers. The system did not provide proper communication between the various working sites. No systems that had been established in the firm helped to support the company. At this point, the company decided to adopt the ERP systems. The company decided that the ERP system was the best one to steer the company forward and to help with the communication problems in the company. In selecting the company that would provide the ERP system, they considered factors such as the financial status of the company, the people and the success rates of the company. In the project team, several managers have extensive knowledge in dealing with the systems and the relationships with the old systems. The team providing the services is Syscorp and it had managers who have a track record of success with the ERP systems. The MIE Company decided to adopt the Microsoft Dynamics SL which is offered for small scale companies (Rajagopal, 2002). Some of the problems that were experienced when implementing the system were grouped into three sections. This included the cultural problems, business problems and technical problems. As much as the company expected the system to be more accepted than the old systems, especially in the areas where the new systems were better than the old systems, the people took a long time to get used to the new system. The team that was carrying out the project decided to demonstrate the success of the old systems by clearly illustrating the improvements that had been made (Liu, 2000). The explanations were given in segments so that people could see the improvements that had been made. To make the employees get more used to the system, the original plan was expanded to take care of the training and the culture which was changing. The Microsoft Dynamics SL system requires a rather rigid business structure

Representing Gender in FIlm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Representing Gender in FIlm - Essay Example These oppressed people possess normal heterosexuality; they are not artificial but express unnaturalness due to a mixture in genders. Butler argues that this unnaturalness can be changed through performativity with the help of either psychologists or close family members. Performative acts are repetitive. They show the behavior of a person. The behavior of the gender a person is comfortable with. The person may represent a different biological gender while the actions performed by that person may be different from the behavior of that gender. Performativity is mostly experienced in children who lose a parent of the opposite sex. The lose hits their mental status and they are compelled to repeat the actions of that parent and they perform the actions they used to do out of love and devotion. Performativity The movie â€Å"Boys Don’t Cry† was directed by Kimberly Peirce in 1999. The story was scripted by Judith Butler. It is based on a true story of a girl who experiences gender transformation. She wants to change her physical appearance to that of a male but cannot afford to undergo a surgery. She then changes her looks to resemble a male which attracts Lana, a girl who herself is not very feminine. Teena/Brandon is shown to be a quiet and sensitive individual with a bit of masculine characteristics. Lana falls in love with Brandon and shares her secrets related to him with her friends which proves that she is fully convinced that Brandon is a male. Lana believed Brandon to be a male and was ready to accept him with whichever gender he wanted to follow when she started to suspect him of his gender. Later on in the movie Lana’s ex boyfriend John who is a psychopath and his friend Tom, suspect Brandon of being a female and inform Lana. Lana does not respond to them and tells Brandon that she would accept him even if he was a female. Brandon and Lana were forced to accept that they were lesbians but they refused to do so. Later on Brandon was s ent to jail and her identity was revealed there. As John was jealous of Teena/Brandon, he raped her and shot her. After analyzing the film â€Å"Boys Don’t Cry† one notices the performativity expressed by characters in the movie scripted by Judith Butler. At the very beginning of the movie, Teena Brandon who is born as a female but biologically has the gender of a female, expressed her wish to undergo surgery to change her gender but could not due to lack of financial support. Teena or Brandon is seen to play the role of a transgendered person. This movie expresses performativity of gender through the character of Teena/Brandon who wants to live life as a heterosexual male and believes himself to be one. Although being a female it was hard for her to act as one. Due to difficulty in have the sources for gender transfer, she decided to dress up and act like a male. It was easy for her to express her masculine characteristics as she inherited the male gender more than th e female one. When a person has a mixed gender, the person expresses that gender which is more prominent. Therefore, even though Teena had the organs of a female, her behavior was masculine and there was no reason for her not to be a male except for her misfortune of not being able to arrange for the gender transfer operation. From the very beginning, Teena/ Brandon’s assumption of being a male represents gender to be performative while on the other hand

The Effects of the Great Depression on Children Essay

The Effects of the Great Depression on Children - Essay Example It is an idea of creating a clinic, which will give the needed services to the children who are economically challenged families. For this clinic to be successful and efficient, some employees must be involved. They must be qualified to be dedicated to their work. They must be equipped to develop a health center with services that focus on the prevention of some diseases (Dunlop, 1995). Two doctors must be hired, and four nurses who will help to provide the necessary services. The support staffs hired should be from the local for the benefit of the community. Equipment is the most essential, therefore, spending a lot to purchase and maintain will enable the doctors and nurses perform their work effectively. The staff should be there to give the needed support to the doctors and nurses (Dunlop, 1995). The clinic will handle approximately 150 children in a day. The possible challenges might be the shortage of employees and equipment to be used. Lack of support from the government to the clinic will be a challenge too. Children who may not get the required service may get a referral to other hospitals. Those who cannot afford the stated cost may acquire medical cover early enough for future

An African American Fight for Respect Essay Example for Free

An African American Fight for Respect Essay For thousands of years women have been fighting for many things, one of the most important being respect. Some people may think respect for a woman is simply holding the door for her as she walks through, pulling her chair out for her before she is seated, or maybe just standing when she leaves the table; but respect is so much more than that. Respect is a feeling of deep admiration for someone elicited by their abilities, qualities, or achievements. Respect is a feeling that cannot just be given to someone, it is a feeling that must be earned, fought for, or rewarded. For the African American woman, respect did not come by so easily no matter how hard they fought or even if they earned it. Examples of the African American woman fighting for her respect, has once upon a time been one of the many themes during all literary periods. The two works that I chose have the similar theme of respect. The literary pieces are â€Å"Sweat† by Zora Neale Hurston and â€Å"The Color Purple† by Alice Walker. These two works show the same theme of respect for black women and the struggle for it from men. Though both stories have comparisons that could go on for days, they just as well have their differences by the way the handle the theme of respect. Alice Walker has been writing stories and poetry for many years. As a graduate of Spelman College she was given great opportunities and was given a solid education. Women’s rights and respect has always been two topics close to Alice’s heart. It has been said, that â€Å"Alice Walker expresses the struggles of black people, particularly women, and their lives in a racist, sexist, and violent society. † Her writings also lean more towards the roles of black women through culture and history. On March 3, 2008 Alice Walker was arrested on International Women’s Day for crossing the police line at a rally in front of The White House. Walker has set a standard and has never had any need or want to change it. Of the many stories that Alice Walker has written, the one that stands out the most to me dealing with the female struggle for respect is the story made movie and musical, â€Å"The Color Purple. † â€Å"The Color Purple,† is a story written in 1982 that has won multiple awards and recognitions for its not so classy taste and realistic views. Some of these awards being from the Blue Ribbon Awards, Black Movie Awards, Golden Globe Awards, eleven nominations during the Oscars, and plenty more. The main characters in â€Å"The Color Purple,† are Celie Harris Johnson and Mister Albert Johnson. Celie has been abused since she was just a young girl; she had two children by her father Leonard and she is forced to marry Albert, a young widower, by the age of fourteen. During her years of being married to Albert, she is taunted, disrespected, beaten, and abused up until she turns her life around when she meets Shug Avery, a well-known Jazz singer, who comes to live with the couple. Shug takes it upon herself to help Celie raise her self-confidence so she can not only stand up to her husband and demand respect, but to feel beautiful about herself inside and out. By the end of the story, Celie stands up to Avery and is finally reconnected with the family that was once taken away from her. Another great black female author who proudly carries the theme of respect in her stories is Zora Neale Hurston. Hurston, a graduate of Howard University, was a well-known author during the Harlem Renaissance. Hurston is most known for her famous literary piece entitled, â€Å"Their Eyes Were Watching God† which caught the eyes of readers around the world. Like Alice Walker, Zora Neale Hurston has also won multiple awards for her fabulous novels, short stories, and poems. The story â€Å"Sweat† written by Zora Neale Hurston takes place in a small all black town located near Orlando, Florida. This story, like many others with disrespect towards the wife, starts off with husband Sykes taunting his wife Delia by tricking her into thinking that the whip he throws over her shoulders is a snake, knowing she is deadly terrified of them. Throughout the story, Delia deals with infidelity, abuse, rumors, and taunting from her husband. Towards the end of the story, her husband buys a rattlesnake and refuses to take it back where he found it from, knowing his wife is terrified. In the end, that very snake gets loose, bites, and kills him; Delia stands their watching him die. The website articlemyriad. com states â€Å"The reader can speculate on whether or not Delia was too afraid to move to get help for her husband, but it is the general consensus that she purposefully let him die. While you could argue both, if you are going to contend that she was just afraid, you’d better take a closer look at the text before trying to defend your point. † One of the greatest comparisons in this story is the lack of respect the husbands have for their wives, a marriage is supposed to be filled with trust, respect, love, and honesty, all of which the two marriages in â€Å"The Color Purple† and â€Å"Sweat† lacked. Although there are many comparisons, there were also contrasts in the two stories, although not exactly easy to find with a closed mind. A contrast in these two stories to me that stood out the most were the personalities of the two wives in the stories. In â€Å"The Color Purple,† Celie is abused and taken advantage of, but holds a quiet tongue until the end; Delia in â€Å"Sweat† is abused and taken advantage of , but she always speaks her mind and portrays her true feelings towards something. With these two stories I felt it was good to have the personalities of the women who wanted respect to be completely different so that I could compare and contrast just a bit more clearly. One was more hidden and kept feelings to herself, the other more outgoing and stronger like all women should be. In conclusion, respect for women, especially blacks, has been a subject that will always be discussed and fought for. Zora Neale Hurston and Alice Walker described the struggle for respect in many similar and different ways. I stated earlier that for thousands of years women have been fighting for many things, one of the most important being respect and that respect was a feeling that cannot just be given to someone, it is a feeling that must be earned, fought for, or rewarded. I am proud of the long way that not only African American women have come, but women all race and I am blessed to have such profound women to look up to. Women in the past who have fought for our rights set a high standard for the rest of us to follow and I look forward to doing just so. Works Cited 1. The Norton Anthology of African American Literature: Second Edition Henry Louis Gates Jr. Nellie Y. McKay.

Job Design And Analysis Of Asda Commerce Essay

Job Design And Analysis Of Asda Commerce Essay Job consists of a set of tasks that are performed by the employee to fulfil the aims and objectives of the company. The content of job is affected by the purpose of the company, the structure of the company, the processes and activities carried out in the company, the technology of the company, environment in which the company operates. Therefore the job design has two aims: first, to satisfy the requirement of the ASDA company for productivity, efficiency and quality of product and service, and second is to satisfy the needs of the individuals for interest, challenge and accomplishment providing for job engagement and commitment to carrying out the job well. ASDA uses the following approach of job design to support strategic objectives. Job Rotation: Employees can expose to different types of specialized jobs over time from Job Rotation. To provide more techniques and knowledge in different field ASDA uses the approach of job rotation. Job Enlargement: To increase the numbers of activities in a job and to overcome the boredom of overspecialized work ASDA use this method of job design. 2. Job Analysis Process of analysis of a work or pursue that profession in the various parts of the structure of the Organization, work activities and the informational content is a job analysis. The purpose of job analysis is to break the job down in to its essential elements and to be flexible about all other aspects of the job. The analysis of job should be done by ASDA to write job descriptions, job specification, to prepare for the organisational structure, to conduct studies of movement and time, to write the knowledge, skills and performance of the employee, etc. ASDA provide various range of management and business areas jobs like Finance, George, Home shopping, Human Resource, IT, Logistics, Marketing, Optical, Pharmacy, Retail, Store development, Store management, Supply, Trading etc. Training Training depends on the activities and the information required executing the ASDA jobs. The titles of work are the titles of the corresponding training at ASDA. Job Description is a narrative statement defining work, i.e., what the employer expects the employee from the point of view of on-the-job performance. As reported by victory (1996), the description of work [or position description] is a list of responsibilities and functions à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ require specific position (p. 1). ASDA is doing the job description for the following purposes: Job Descriptions Job Description is a narrative statement defining work, i.e., what the employer expects the employee from the point of view of on-the-job performance. As stated by Winning (1996), the description of work (or position description) is a list of responsibilities and functions require specific position (p.1). ASDA is doing the job description for the following purposes: To provide information needed in determining the selection criteria. To inform applicants about the nature of the job. To ensure that newly appointed staffs understand the primary purpose and principal functions of the job and its place in the structure of the company. Job Description Job Title Department Responsible To Purpose of Job/ Overall Objectives Specific Duties and Responsibilities Physical/ Economic Condition The format of Job Description is given below Figure No: 1 Job Roles with in the Customer service function in ASDA The team leader delegate tasks to the lower subordinates in ASDA. The Assistant Manager passes information on to the colleges about what need to be done and give information about dealing with a customer enquiry. Competency Modelling Competencies represent the language of performance. They can articulate both in expected outcomes from an individuals efforts and manner in which these activities are carried out. Also Competency is an underlying characteristic of a person that results in effective or superior performance -Mansfield (1999). Competency modelling is very important to the development and to transfer the good will of the company. The following types of competency are very essential for the good will of the company, Behavioural Competencies: It represent the type of behaviour required to deliver results under such heading likes team working, communication leadership and decision making. Technical competencies: Technical competency defines what people have to know and be able to carry out their roles effectively. They are related to either generic roles (group of similar jobs) or individual roles. NVQ/ SNVQ Competences: It is the fundamental part of the process of developing standards which can be observed and assessed with view to certification. Human Resource Strategy To achieve the overall objectives of the ASDA Company Human Resource strategy plays a vital role. Human Resource strategy should aim to capture the people element of what the company hoping to achieve in long term, ensuring that -Right people in right place -Right mix of skills -Employees show the right attributes and behaviours -Employees are developed in the right way. Management of ASDA Company identifies some plans and strategies before achieving the goals and objectives such as work force planning, succession training, workforce skills plans, employment equity plans, motivation and fair treatment plans, the coordination of approaches to pay and grading across the organization to create alignment and potential unequal pay claims, and Employment issues which impact on staff recruitment retention, motivation etc. Manpower planning framework Manpower planning owed its primacy by focusing the business planning and strategy. A Plan represents one of the results of a process that emphasizes on solution of a related problem. In other words plans represent the specified and consistent expression of the company that produced as a result of a rational examination of various issues that affect a companys future. If business strategy and plans find the expression in measurable economic, marketing and production goals, with an implicit or explicit requirement for people, the human resources plan represents a response from a personal and human resource management, so that the necessary supply of imminent to enable the objectives to be met. Hence the Manpower Plan could be expressed in a way that fits the overall business strategy and plan. The rationalized approach to manpower planning is shown in the following figure; Companys strategy and targets Companys practices and methods Man power review and analysis Internal Forecast External Demand Supply Adjust to balance Recruit Retain Reduce Fig No.2 The rationalized approach to manpower planning The Process of Human Resource Planning Business strategic plans: Defining future activity levels and initiative demanding new skills. Resourcing Strategy: Planning to gain competitive advantage by developing intellectual capital-employing more capable people than rivals, ensuring that they develop organization specific knowledge and skills, and taking steps to become an employer of choice. Scenario Planning: Assessing in broad terms where the organization is going in its environment and the implication for Human Resource requirements. Demand /Supply forecasting: Estimating the future demand for people and assessing the number of people likely to be available from within and outside the company. Labour turnover analysis: Analysing actual labour turnover figures and trends as an input to supply forecasts. PRINCIPLES RELATING TO THE DEMAND AND SUPPLY OF LABOUR Supply and demand in the labour market is just like supply and demand for a different service. Is consistent with the law of supply and demand (such as price increases, the quantity required and the quantity rises), the demand has a negative slope and the curve of the supply has a positive slope. As soon as the supply of labour, such as the provision of other services, indicates the number of work or want to offer workers at different prices. The supply curve for each employee will be different if each employee different opportunity costs and preferences. Demand task indicates the amount of work done by an enterprise to different values. The demand curve for each undertaking will differ if each company is faced with different types of work alternates (for e.g. different percentages of potential capital substitution), preferences, demand for the products they produce and alternative employment of resources. Rates of pay only the value of the work and, therefore, like any other market values specified. The intersection of curves of supply and demand in the labour market shows the balance outstanding, or purchase rate for certain types of work. (In a free economy, unlimited government regulation, fees for the same kind of work is the right for purchases). Most people are looking for a job in the job market is affected by factors related to the size and composition of the population. Mainly people and changing population, the age structure of the population, ethnic origin and sex etc. affect overall demand in the labour market. On the other hand, is the sum of the total demand in the labour market shall consist of the sum of the total employment and job vacancies. Within any areas and at any one time ASDA stores have the jobs that are going into decline because the required skills for those jobs are becoming redundant. In this situation, new and skilled manpower will be emerging and demand for those capabilities should be rises faster than the supply. Recruitment and Selection process in ASDA Recruitment and selection are two distinct human resource management activities. Recruitment includes activity soliciting applications from potential employees and selection techniques are used to choose right candidate for right job. Recruitment and selection procedures in ASDA are given below, Step I online application The first step of the selection process in ASDA store is online application. Candidates should complete a number of questions and they should submit their online application form. It may take about one hour to complete, but candidates can save their answers after completing each section to save time. After this, candidate(s) will get an e-mail from ASDA to know the procedure for next step. Step II ASDA Reality In this stage successful candidate(s) of application step will be invited by ASDA to come along their assessment centre which is called Reality. Reality is the best opportunity for candidate(s) to experience what its really like to work at ASDA and gives insight to the candidate(s) about the role he/she applied for. Candidate(s) will participate in and be observed on different activities in a group and individually. Step III interview The interview is the final step of the selection procedure in ASDA. Successful or selected candidate(s) in interview process will join in ASDA after few days. Salary and Benefits ASDA provide negotiable salary to its all the staffs. Also rewards and benefits of having a job with ASDA include: Bonus, colleague Discount, Share plans, Share save plan, Colleague share ownership plan, Pension, Voluntary benefits, Private medical cover, Recognition, STAR Points etc. Managerial Role in Recruitment and Selection Recruitment and selection activities of personnel specialists in ASDA can be described in terms of five general roles. Which are given below; The audit role: Personnel specialists have responsibility for ensuring that all of management carry out those parts of their roles concerned with the effective use of human resource. Checking to established job description supplied by managers reflect the true nature of the tasks. The executive Role: Personal Management is part of every managers job, but some personnel activities are carried out by specialists rather than by line managers or supervisors. The facilitator role: Ensuring that line managers and other involved in recruitment and selection have the necessary knowledge and skills to play their part in this activity effectively. The consultancy role: This advice to managers on selection decisions. The service role: Managers need information on which to base decision about the deployment of their staff. Providing managers with response rate data on recruitment advertising to enable joint decisions to be made on the most effective way to attract a pool of applicants is the example of the service role. Role of legal and organisational requirements in creating a HR plan Human resource plans are derived from the resourcing strategy and take into account data from a combination of scenario planning, demand and supply forecasting and labour turnover analysis. While creating human resource planning legal and companies requirements play a vital role. Also, while organization have considerable freedom of choice in the type of people they want to recruit, legislation plays a significant role in the recruitment and selection process, particularly in attempts to prevent discrimination on the field of sex, race, disability and age. The sex Discrimination Act 1975 makes it unlawful to discriminate against a personal directly or indirectly in the field of employment on the ground of their sex or marital status. The race Relation Act 1976 makes it unlawful to discriminate against a person in the field of employment on the ground of their race, colour and nationality, including ethnic or national origin. While legislation and codes of conduct would suggest a certain approach in the UK, differences in job/ occupation being recruited, labour markets and skills availability might cause this approach to be modified. However, factors within the ASDA Company also affect the way recruitment and selection is handled. Employee personal and managerial effectiveness through a process of personal reflection Employees are the main part of the successful business. For demand, supply, process, customers service and overall business of the company every employee has the valuable hands. Some important aspects of personal reflections of employee are as follows: Impact on others: This embraces some essential aspects like speech, dress, manner and reactions, behaviours with the customers etc. Acquired knowledge or competency of the work: Employee must use their knowledge and experience what they gain and what is necessary for the respective work to solve the problems arising in the ASDA while working. Motivation: this is concern with the goal-directed aspect of human personality. In the other hand employee have the most important role for the development of the company. If they are not satisfied or not motivated towards the company then the progress of the company becomes quite difficult. Adjustment: This aspect concerns the emotional status of the employee stability, maturity, ability to cope with stress etc. Disciplinary Rules Disciplinary rules help to ensure a consistent and fair approach for the treatment of employee. The content of the rules includes General conduct Health and safety Security Time keeping and attendance The main stages of Disciplinary procedure Step I: If disciplinary action is necessary write to the worker notifying him/her of the allegations and the basis of the allegations against him/ her, invite him/her to a meeting to discuss the matter. Step II: If indicated by the investigations hold a meeting to discuss the allegations and at the end notify the worker of the disciplinary decision. Step III: If the worker wishes to appeal, hold an appeal meeting and inform the outcome of the appeal to the worker. Grievance procedures Grievance procedures provide a formal mechanism for the presentation and resolution of employee dissatisfaction. At first in the informal time the employee should raise the matter with manager if it is more appropriate and then Step I: If the matter remains unsolved, worker can raise the matter by formal writing to the relevant manager. A meeting will be conducted with the companion, worker and the respective manager. Step II: If the worker wants to appeal against the decision, a meeting will be conducted between worker, companion and senior manager. The decision should be in written for the legal purpose. Step III: Again if the worker likes to appeal that decision, a meeting should be conducted between worker, functional director and the union regional officer (if applicable) and the decision should be finalized in written document. Conclusion ASDA conduct the job analysis to write job description, job specification, to prepare organizational chart of the company, to write knowledge, skills and performance of the employee, as well as to the feedback back of the company. To achieve goals and objectives of the company ASDA always focus on right candidate in right job, right mix of skills, right attributes and behaviours of the candidates while selecting the employee for the required job. For the good will of the company ASDA give priority on competency of the employee like behavioural competencies, technical competencies, NVQ/ SNVQ competencies etc. For the purpose of improving and securing the ASDA companies human resources, to meet present and future needs; three principal stages can be distinguished such as evaluation of existing resources, forecast of future requirements, and finally action plan. While creating HR plan ASDA Company concentrated on legal role of the government and organizational requirements. Recommendation From the above study and conclusion, I would like to suggest some recommendations for the improvement and to increase the business of ASDA Company. Fair selection process need to be appointed on the basis of skills and competencies as per the ASDA HR requirement. Job analysis and job design should be conducted in regular basis for the effectiveness as well as to achieve overall objectives of the company. More training and orientation of the work should be provided to the new or prospective employee mainly in the customers service and technical sectors. Best performance appraisal techniques need to be applied for career advancement of the employees.